I. Causes and Solutions for Heavy Steering
Heavy steering can cause significant inconvenience and even affect driving safety. Don’t worry, below are some potentially effective repair methods.
1. Check Tire Pressure
Insufficient tire pressure is a common cause of heavy steering. You should use a professional tire pressure gauge to ensure that the tire pressure meets the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended value. If the pressure is too low, inflate it to the appropriate value promptly, which will significantly improve steering ease.
2. Check Power Steering Fluid Level
Low power steering fluid level will severely affect the power assist effect. You need to open the hood, locate the power steering fluid reservoir, and carefully check if the fluid level is within the normal range. If the fluid level is significantly below the mark, add an appropriate amount of power steering fluid of the same specification to restore normal power assist function.
3. Check the Steering Transmission Mechanism
Wear, loosening, or deformation of the connecting components in the steering transmission mechanism, such as tie rod ends and steering knuckles, will all cause heavy steering. You need to carefully inspect these components. If any problems are found, replace worn parts or tighten loose connections promptly to ensure the normal operation of the transmission mechanism.
4. Inspect the Power Steering Pump
A malfunctioning power steering pump can cause insufficient hydraulic pressure, resulting in heavy steering. Professional mechanics will use testing equipment to determine the pump’s operating condition and, if necessary, repair or replace it to restore normal power steering performance.
5. Clean the Steering System
Over time, dirt may accumulate inside the steering system. This dirt can clog the oil passages, affecting the flow of power steering fluid and leading to heavy steering. Regularly cleaning the steering system keeps the oil passages clear, helps improve steering performance, and makes steering easier and more effortless.
6. Check the Electronic Power Steering System (if applicable)
If your vehicle uses an electronic power steering system, you need to check whether the relevant sensors and control modules are functioning properly. If any faults are found, repair or replace the corresponding parts promptly to ensure the electronic power steering system operates stably and provides you with light steering assistance.
II. Reasons for Weak Steering Wheel Return
- Incorrect four-wheel alignment data: Inaccurate four-wheel alignment data can cause the car to pull to one side and uneven tire wear, resulting in slow and weak return of the electronic power steering wheel. A new four-wheel alignment is required.
Worn steering gear pistons or vane valves: This can cause slow and weak return of the electronic power steering wheel. It is recommended to replace the steering gear pistons or vane valves.
Insufficient power pump oil pressure: This is caused by insufficient power fluid or wear on the oil pump. It is recommended to add power fluid and replace the oil pump.
Worn steering wheel return mechanism or steering wheel return slot: This can cause slow and weak return of the electronic power steering wheel. It is recommended to replace the return slot.
Damaged steering gear: In cars equipped with hydraulic power steering, the automatic return function is somewhat weakened due to hydraulic damping. However, if the return speed is excessively slow, it indicates a malfunction in the return function. It is recommended to have the steering gear repaired by a professional.
Every car has front wheel caster and camber angles. When no force is applied to the steering wheel, the front wheel return force will automatically return to its original position if it exceeds the resistance of the mechanical steering wheel itself. If the angle is too small and there is no return function, speed should be considered. At higher speeds, the steering wheel is light and difficult to control, resulting in greater deviation with slight movements. It is recommended to have the front wheel caster and camber angles adjusted at a repair shop or 4S store.
III. How to Maintain the Steering Gear
When driving on uneven roads, slow down to reduce the load on the steering gear.
Regularly inspect the car’s steering gear, checking the condition of the protective covers on both sides and the protective cover connecting the upper part of the steering gear and the universal joint. Damaged covers can lead to premature wear and damage to the steering gear. If the covers are damaged, water, dust, and sand will flow into the damaged area and into the steering gear, causing wear on the internal gears and racks, leading to corrosion and other problems.
During maintenance, check the tension of the steering pump belt for breaks. If any are found, replace it immediately. The tension should be such that you can press down about 1 cm with your finger.
Regularly check the hydraulic system’s pipe joints for leaks. Hydraulic hoses should be kept away from friction with other components to prevent damage and air intake. Hydraulic hoses should be replaced regularly to prevent fraying and blockage.
When repairing the steering gear, ensure proper installation and adjustment, especially the assembly between the worm gear and worm shaft. Ensure the correct number of steel balls are installed, and that the steel plate guide rails are not deformed. Clean the hydraulic oil distribution valve and piston chamber walls thoroughly. Use high-quality, compatible oil seals to prevent hydraulic oil leaks.
When steering, do not turn the steering wheel to its full lock position, especially when turning on the spot. Leave some slack to ensure the hydraulic steering system is in normal working condition.
Do not have your steering gear maintained or repaired at a repair shop with outdated equipment and poor technical skills. Improper adjustment of the steering gear can cause it to jam, which can easily lead to danger while driving on the road.